TASMANIA
The first reported sighting of Tasmania by a European was on 24 November 1642 by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who named the island Anthoonij van Diemenslandt, after his sponsor, the Governor of the Dutch East Indies. The name was later shortened to Van Diemen’s Land by the British.
The first settlers arrived on the 10th September 1803. The “Albion” (the sailing boat) put ashore the new Commandant of Van Diemen’s Land along with his horse, ten cattle, fifty sheep, a few goats and some fowls. The party consisted of a few free settlers, a surgeon, a medical officer, and a store keeper, his military force was made up of 1 land corporal and 7 privates of the New South Wales Corps. The remainder was 21 male and 3 female convicts. It was 49 persons, of whom 13 were women and children.
The British settlement of the island soon centred on Launceston in the north and Hobart in the south. For the first two decades the settlement relied heavily on convict labour, small-scale farming and sheep grazing, sealing and whaling.
The new settlers were “clearing” the land by killing Aboriginal people. Before British colonisation of Tasmania in 1803, there were an estimated 3,000–15,000 Aboriginal Tasmanians. The Aboriginal Tasmanian population suffered a drastic drop in numbers within three decades, so that by 1835 only some 400 full-blooded Tasmanian Aboriginal people survived. The survivors were moved to Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment on Flinders Island, where disease continued to reduce their numbers. In 1847, the last 47 survivors on Wybalenna were transferred to Oyster Cove, south of Hobart. Two individuals, Truganini (1812–1876) and Fanny Cochrane Smith (1834–1905), are separately considered to have been the last people solely of Tasmanian descent.
The new settlers also kept on killing “strange” animals; Tasmanian devil and Tasmanian Tiger. The last Tasmanian tiger passed in the Hobart Zoo in 1936.
TASMANIJA
Prvo evidentirano viđenje Tasmanije od strane Evropljana bilo je 24. novembra 1642. godine od strane holandskog istraživača Abela Tasmana, koji je ostrvo nazvao Anthoonij van Diemenslandt, po svom sponzoru, guverneru holandske Istočne Indije. Ime je kasnije skraćeno u Van Diemen’s Land od strane Britanaca.
Prvi doseljenici stigli su 10. septembra 1803. godine. “Albion” (jedrenjak) je iskrcao novog komandanta Van Diemenove zemlje zajedno sa svojim konjem, deset goveda, pedeset ovaca, nekoliko koza i nekoliko ptica. Grupa se sastojala od nekoliko slobodnih doseljenika, hirurga, lekara i magacionera, njegova vojna sila bila je sastavljena od 1 kopnenog kaplara i 7 vojnika korpusa Novog Južnog Velsa. Ostatak je bio 21 muških i 3 ženska osudjenika. Bilo je ukupno 49 osoba, od kojih su 13 bile žene i deca.
Britansko naseljavanje ostrva ubrzo je usredsređeno na Launceston na severu i Hobart na jugu. U prve dve decenije naseljavanje se u velikoj meri oslanjalo na osuđeničku radnu snagu, malu poljoprivredu i ispašu ovaca i kitolov.
Doseljenici su “cistili” zemlju ubijanjem Aboridžina. Pre britanske kolonizacije Tasmanije 1803. godine, bilo je oko 3.000–15.000 Aboridžina Tasmanijaca. Aboridžinsko tasmansko stanovništvo pretrpelo je drastičan pad broja u roku od tri decenije, tako da je do 1835. godine preživelo samo oko 400 punokrvnih Tasmanskih Aboridžina. Preživeli su premešteni u Vibalena Aboriginal Establishment na ostrvu Flinders, gde je bolest nastavila da smanjuje njihov broj. U 1847, poslednji 47 preživelih na Vibalenna su prebačeni u Oyster Cove, južno od Hobarta. Dve osobe, Truganini (1812–1876) i Fanny Cochrane Smith (1834–1905), odvojeno se smatraju da su bili poslednji ljudi isključivo tasmanskog porekla.
Doseljenici su takođe nastavili da ubijaju “čudne” životinje; Tasmanski đavo i Tasmanijski tigar. Poslednji tasmanski tigar uginuo je u zoološkom vrtu u Hobartu 1936. godine.
From the 1820s free settlers were encouraged by the offer of land grants in proportion to the capital the settlers would bring. Almost 2 million acres of land was granted to free settlers in the decade, and the number of sheep in the island increased from 170,000 to a million.
Van Diemen’s Land became a separate colony from New South Wales in December 1825 and continued to expand through the 1830s, supported by farming, sheep grazing and whaling. Following the suspension of convict transportation to New South Wales in 1840, Van Diemen’s land became the main destination for convicts. The Convicts Transportation to Van Diemen’s Land ended in 1853 and in 1856 the colony officially changed its name to Tasmania.[

Od 1820-ih slobodni doseljenici su bili privuceni ponudom zemljišnih grantova u srazmeri sa kapitalom koji bi doneli. Skoro 2 miliona hektara zemlje odobreno je slobodnim doseljenicima u deceniji, a broj ovaca na ostrvu porastao je sa 170.000 na milion.
Van Diemenova zemlja postala je nezavisna kolonija od Novog Južnog Velsa u decembru 1825. godine i nastavila je da se širi kroz 1830-ih, uz podršku poljoprivrede, ovaca i kitolova. Nakon suspenzije prevoza osuđenika u Novi Južni Vels 1840. godine, Van Diemenova zemlja postala je glavna destinacija za osuđenike. Prevoz zatvorenika do Van Diemenove zemlje prestao je 1853. godine, a 1856. kolonija je zvanično promenila ime u Tasmaniju.
HOBART
Hobart is the capital and most populous city of the island state of Tasmania. Despite containing nearly half of Tasmania’s population, Hobart is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-smallest by population and area after Darwin. Its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world.
Prior to British colonisation, the land had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years by Aboriginal Tasmanians.
Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony, Hobart is Australia’s second-oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. Whaling quickly emerged as a major industry in the area, and for a time Hobart served as the Southern Ocean‘s main whaling port. Penal transportation ended in the 1850s, after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline. The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of men who served in the world wars was counteracted by an influx of immigration. Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, Hobart’s population is predominantly ethnically Anglo-Celtic and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia’s capital cities.
Today, Hobart is the financial and administrative hub of Tasmania, serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations and acting as a tourist destination.


HOBART
Hobart je glavni i najnaseljeniji grad ostrvske države Tasmanije. Uprkos tome što sadrži skoro polovinu stanovništva Tasmanije, Hobart je najmanje naseljen australijski glavni grad države, i drugi najmanji po broju stanovnika i površini posle Darvina. Njegova luka formira drugu najdublju prirodnu luku na svetu.
Pre britanske kolonizacije, zemlja je bila okupirana možda čak 35.000 godina od strane Aboridžina Tasmanije.
Osnovan 1804. godine kao britanska kaznena kolonija, Hobart je drugi najstariji glavni grad Australije nakon Sidneja, Novi Južni Vels. Kitolov se brzo pojavio kao glavna industrija u tom području, a neko vreme Hobart je služio kao glavna kitolovna luka Južnog okeana. Kazneni prevoz završio u 1850-ih, nakon čega je grad doživeo periode rasta i opadanja. Početkom 20. veka došlo je do ekonomskog buma na bazi rudarstva, poljoprivrede i drugih primarnih industrija, a gubitak ljudi koji su služili u svetskim ratovima bio je nadoknadjen prilivom imigracije. Uprkos porastu migracija iz Azije i drugih regiona koji ne govore engleski, stanovništvo Hobarta je pretežno etnički anglo-keltsko i ima najveći procenat stanovnika rođenih u Australiji među glavnim gradovima Australije.
Danas je Hobart finansijski i administrativni centar Tasmanije, koji služi kao matična luka za australijske i francuske operacije na Antarktiku i deluje kao turistička destinacija..
HOBART ZOO
The Hobart Zoo (also known as Beaumaris Zoo) was located on the Queen’s Domain in Hobart. Although its location became the site of a Hobart City Council depot, some remains of the original Zoo can still be seen.
The Hobart Zoo is most famous as the place where footage of the last known living Tasmanian tiger (thylacine) was taken in 1936. It died in captivity due to suspected neglect on 7 September 1936. National Threatened Species Day has been held annually since 1996 on 7 September in Australia, to commemorate the death of the last officially recorded thylacine.
The zoo closed in 1937 due to financial problems. The animals were mostly transferred to zoos across Australia.
Although the zoo no longer exists, still there is the gate of the zoo. On it are bas-reliefs in metal with representations of several animals. Animals have distinctly sad eyes. We don’t know what the artist’s intention was, but our guide had an explanation:
The lions are sad because, given their age, no one wanted them, so they had to be put to sleep.
The elephant and the bear are sad because they are sent to – New Zealand.


HOBART ZOLOSKI VRT
Zoološki vrt Hobart (poznat i kao Beaumaris Zoo) nalazio se na kraljičinom domenu u Hobartu. Iako je njegova lokacija, po zatvaranju, postala depo Hobarta , neki ostaci originalnog zoološkog vrta i dalje se mogu videti.
Zoološki vrt u Hobartu najpoznatiji je kao mesto gde je snimljen poslednji poznat živi tasmanijski tigar (tilacina) 1936. godine. Uginuo je najverovatnije zbog nemara 7. septembra 1936. godine. Od 1996 godine, u znak secanja na poslednjeg zivog tasmanijskog tigra, 7 septembar se obelezava svake godine kao nacionalni dan ugrozenih vrsta u Australiji.
Zoološki vrt je zatvoren 1937. godine zbog finansijskih problema. Zivotinje su uglavnom prebacene u zooloske vrtove sirom Australije.
Iako zooloski vrt vise ne postoji, I danas se nalazi kapija zooloskgo vrta. Na njoj su bareljefi u metalu sa predstavama nekoliko zivotinja. Zivotinje imaju izrazeno tuzne oci. Ne zna se koja je bila namera umetnika ali nas vodic je imao objasnjenje:
Lavovi su tuzni jer, obzirom na starost, niko ih nije hteo pa su morali biti uspavani.
Slon i medved su tuzni je ih salju na – Novi Zeland
RICHMOND
Richmond is a town about 25 km north-east of Hobart, in the Coal River region. At the 2006 census, Richmond had a population of 880.
Richmond’s most famous landmark is the Richmond Bridge, built in 1823 to 1825, around the time of the town’s first settlement. It is Australia’s oldest bridge still in use.
St John’s Catholic church was built in 1836, and is considered the oldest Roman Catholic church in Australia.
St Luke’s was built in 1834–1836 and is the oldest Anglican Church in Australia.

RICMOND
Ričmond je grad oko 25 km severoistočno od Hobarta, u regionu Coal River. Na popisu iz 2006. godine, Ričmond je imao 880 stanovnika.
Najznacajnije mesto u Ricmondu je Ričmond most, izgrađen od 1823 do 1825, u vreme prvog naseljavanja grada. To je najstariji most u Australiji koji je još uvek u upotrebi.
Katolička crkva Svetog Jovana sagrađena je 1836. godine i smatra se najstarijom rimokatoličkom crkvom u Australiji.
Crkva St Luke je sagrađena 1834–1836 i najstarija je anglikanska crkva u Australiji.
PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur is a town and former convict settlement on the Tasman Peninsula. It is located approximately 97 kilometres southeast of the state capital, Hobart.
The site forms part of the Australian Convict Sites, a World Heritage property consisting of 11 remnant penal sites originally built within the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries on fertile Australian coastal strips. Collectively, these sites, including Port Arthur, are described by UNESCO as "... the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts.
In 1996, the town was the scene of the Port Arthur massacre, the worst instance of mass murder in post-colonial Australian history.
Port Arthur was named after George Arthur, the lieutenant governor of Van Diemen's Land. The settlement started as a timber station in 1830, but it is best known for being a penal colony


PORT ARTUR
Port Arthur je grad i bivše naselje za osudjenike na Tasmanskom poluostrvu. Nalazi se oko 97 kilometara jugoistočno od glavnog grada države, Hobarta.
Naselje je započeto 1830. godine, da bi se prosirilo i postalo najpoznatija zatvorska kolonija.
Port Artur je dobio ime po Džordžu Arturu, guverneru Van Diemenove zemlje.
Lokacija je deo svetske baštine koja se sastoji od 11 ostataka zatvorskih lokacija prvobitno izgrađenih u okviru Britanske imperije tokom 18. i 19. veka na plodnim australijskim obalnim podesima. Kolektivno, ove lokacije, uključujući Port Arthur, UNESCO opisuje kao "... najbolji preživeli primeri transporta osuđenika velikih razmera i kolonijalne ekspanzije evropskih sila kroz prisustvo i rad osuđenika.
Godine 1996. grad je bio poprište masakra u Port Arturu, najgoreg slučaja masovnog ubistva u postkolonijalnoj australijskoj istoriji.
ISLE OF THE DEAD
Isle of the Dead is an island, about 1 hectare in area, adjacent to Port Arthur. It is historically significant since it retains an Aboriginal coastal shell midden, one of the first recorded sea-level benchmarks, and one of the few preserved Australian convict-period burial grounds. The Isle of the Dead occupies part of the Port Arthur Historic Site, is part of Australian Convict Sites and is listed as a World Heritage Property because it represents convictism in the era of British colonisation.
Before European settlement, Aboriginal people gathered food on the island. From 1833 the island was used as a cemetery for convicts and free people of the Port Arthur penal settlement.
The Isle of the Dead was the destination for all who died inside the prison camps. Of the 1,000 estimated graves recorded to exist there, only 180, those of prison staff and military personnel, were marked. The cemetery was closed following the demise of the Port Arthur settlement in 1877 and the island was sold as private land. It was reacquired and managed by the Tasmanian government from the early twentieth century.
The island is declared as a cultural heritage property and protected under Australian state and federal laws. It is also listed under UNESCO's world heritage sites.


OSTRVO MRTVIH
Ostvro mrtvih je ostrvo, oko 1 hektar u površini, pored mesta Port Arthur. To je istorijski značajano mest jer sadrzi znakove prisustva abordzina, jedan od prvih zabeleženih nivoa mora, i jedan od retkih očuvanih australijskih groblja zatvorenika. Ostrvo mrtvih zauzima deo istorijskog lokaliteta Port Arthur, i uvršten je na listu svetske baštine, jer predstavlja zatvorenickog zivota i smrti u eri britanske kolonizacije.
Pre evropskog naseljavanja, Aboridžini su sakupljali hranu na ostrvu. Od 1833 ostrvo je korišćen kao groblje za osuđenike i slobodne ljude iz Port Arthur kaznenog naselja.
Ostrvo mrtvih je bilo odredište za sve koji su umrli u logorima. Od 1.000 procenjenih grobova zabeleženih da postoje tamo. 180 grobova, zatvorskog i vojnog osoblja, su označeni, kao i nekoliko grobova kaznjenika komima je rodbina platila izradu spomenika.
Groblje je zatvoreno nakon napustanja naselja Port Arthur 1877. godine, a ostrvo je prodano kao privatno zemljište. Ponovo je pod upraviteljstvom Tasmanske vlade od početka dvadesetog veka.
Ostrvo je proglašeno kao kulturno nasleđe i zaštićeno australijskim državnim i saveznim zakonima. Takođe je uvršten pod UNESCO-vu svetsku baštinu.