Chand Baori Stepwell
Chand Baori is a stepwell situated in the village of Abhaneri (road Jaipur – Agra), next to the Harshat Mata Temple in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
It extends approximately 30m into the ground, making it one of the deepest and largest stepwells in India. It has 3500 steps cascading 13 stories deep into a massive tank at the bottom and has been constructed in an upside-down pyramid-style.
It is named after a local ruler of Nikumbh dynasty called Raja Chanda and its construction is dated to the 8th-9th century.
Chand Baori Stepwell (bunar)
Chand Baori je stepenasti bunar koji se nalazi u selu Abhaneri (na putu Djajpur – Agra), pored hrama Harshat Mata u indijskoj državi Radžastan.
Proteže se oko 30 metara u zemlju, što ga čini jednim od najdubljih i najvećih stepenastih bunara u Indiji. Ima 3500 stepenica kojima se silazi kaskadno u 13 spratova dubok i masivni rezervoar na dnu i izgrađen je u stilu okrenute naopačke piramide.
Dobio je ime po lokalnom vladaru iz dinastije Nikumbh po imenu Raja Chanda, a njegova izgradnja je datovana u 8.-9.veku.
Agra Fort (Red Fort)
The Agra Fort is also known as Agra's Red Fort. Mughal emperor Humayun was crowned at this fort in 1530. It was later renovated by the Mughal emperor Akbar from 1565 and the present-day structure was completed in 1573. It served as the main residence of the rulers of the Mughal dynasty until 1638, when the capital was shifted from Agra to Delhi.
Before being captured by the British, the last Indian rulers to have occupied it were the Marathas.
In 1983, the Agra fort was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its importance during Mughal rule. It is about 2.5 kilometers northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city. It was later renovated by Shah Jahan.
Agra Fort (Crvena Tvrdjava)
Tvrđava Agra je takođe poznata kao Agrina crvena tvrđava. U ovoj tvrđavi 1530. godine krunisan je mogulski car Humajun. Kasnije ju je obnovio mogulski car Akbar iz 1565. godine, a današnja građevina je završena 1573. Služila je kao glavna rezidencija vladara mogulske dinastije do 1638. godine, kada je prestonica premeštena iz Agre u Delhi.
Pre zauzimanja od strane Britanaca, poslednji indijski vladari koji su ga zauzeli bili su Marati.
Godine 1983. tvrđava Agra je upisana na Uneskovu svetsku baštinu zbog svog značaja za vreme mogulske vladavine. Nalazi se oko 2,5 kilometra severozapadno od svog poznatijeg bratskog spomenika, Tadž Mahala. Tvrđava se može preciznije opisati kao grad ograđen zidinama. Kasnije ga je obnovio Šah Jahan.
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal ( 'Crown of the Palace') is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna. It was commissioned in 1631 by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
Construction of the mausoleum was completed in 1648, but work continued on other phases of the project for another five years. The first ceremony held at the mausoleum was an observance by Shah Jahan, on 6 February 1643, of the 12th anniversary of the death of Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653.
The building complex incorporates the design traditions of Indo-Islamic and Mughal architecture. It employs symmetrical constructions with the usage of various shapes and symbols. While the mausoleum is constructed of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones, red sandstone was used for other buildings in the complex similar to the Mughal era buildings of the time. The construction project employed more than 20,000 workers and artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by Ustad Ahmad Lahori, the emperor's court architect.
The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Islamic art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". It is regarded as one of the best examples of Mughal architecture and a symbol of Indian history. The Taj Mahal is a major tourist attraction and attracts more than five million visitors a year. In 2007, it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World initiative.
Taj Mahal
Tadž Mahal („Kruna palate“) je mauzolej od belog mermera na desnoj obali reke Jamune. Naručio ga je 1631. peti mogulski car, Šah Džahan (r. 1628–1658) za smeštaj grobnice njegove voljene žene, Mumtaz Mahal; u njemu se takođe nalazi grobnica samog Šah Džahana. Grobnica je središnji deo kompleksa od 17 hektara, koji uključuje džamiju i kuću za goste, a smeštena je u formalnim baštama koje su sa tri strane omeđene zupčastim zidom.
Izgradnja mauzoleja završena je 1648. godine, ali su radovi na ostalim fazama projekta nastavljeni još pet godina. Prva ceremonija održana u mauzoleju bila je obeležavanje 12. godišnjice smrti Mumtaz Mahal od strane Šah Džahana, 6. februara 1643. godine. Veruje se da je kompleks Tadž Mahala u potpunosti završen 1653. godine.
Kompleks zgrada uključuje tradiciju dizajna indo-islamske i mogulske arhitekture. Koristi simetrične konstrukcije uz upotrebu različitih oblika i simbola. Dok je mauzolej izgrađen od belog mermera sa intarzijama od poludragog kamenja, crveni peščar je korišćen za druge zgrade u kompleksu slično zgradama iz perioda Mogula tog vremena. U toku izgradnje bilo je zaposljeno više od 20.000 radnika i zanatlija pod vođstvom grupe arhitekata na čelu sa Ustadom Ahmadom Lahorijem, carevim dvorskim arhitektom.
Tadž Mahal je 1983. godine proglašen za Uneskovu svetsku baštinu jer je „dragulj islamske umetnosti u Indiji i jedno od remek dela svetske baštine“. Smatra se jednim od najboljih primera mogulske arhitekture i simbolom indijske istorije.
Tadž Mahal je glavna turistička atrakcija i privlači više od pet miliona posetilaca godišnje.
2007. godine proglašen je pobednikom inicijative Novih 7 svetskih čuda.
Mehtab Bagh
Mehtab Bagh, ('Moonlight Garden') is a complex that lies north of the Taj Mahal complex and the Agra Fort on the opposite side of the Yamuna River, in the flood plains. The garden complex, square in shape, measures about 300 by 300 metres and is perfectly aligned with the Taj Mahal on the opposite bank.
A Charbagh is an Islamic four-cornered garden layout. These quadrilateral gardens were popular with Mughal Kings and Islamic Empires as the design echoed the Paradise Gardens that are mentioned in the sacred texts of the Qur’an.
Just like the Gardens of Paradise, the Mehtab Bagh was originally designed in four sections and had lots of ponds, pools of water, flowers, and fruit trees to make it smell amazing.
Mehtab Bagh
Mehtab Bagh, („Basta Mesecine“) je kompleksu koji se nalazi severno od kompleksa Tadž Mahala i tvrđave Agra na suprotnoj strani reke Jamun, u ravnicama sklonim poplavama. Kompleks bašte, kvadratnog oblika, meri oko 300 puta 300 metara i savršeno je poravnat sa Tadž Mahalom na suprotnoj obali.
Charbagh je islamski raspored bašte sa četiri ugla. Ove četvorougaone bašte bile su popularne kod Mogulskih kraljeva i islamskih imperija jer je dizajn odražavao Rajske vrtove koji se pominju u svetim tekstovima Kur'ana.
Baš kao i Rajski vrtovi, Mehtab Bagh je prvobitno dizajniran u četiri dela i imao je puno jezera, bazena sa vodom, cveća i voćaka kako bi lepo mirisao.
Baby Taj
"Baby Taj", the tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the Taj Mahal.[
Along with the main building, the structure consists of numerous outbuildings and gardens. The tomb, built between 1622 and 1628, represents a transition between the first phase of monumental Mughal architecture – primarily built from red sandstone with marble decorations, as in Humayun's Tomb in Delhi and Akbar's tomb in Sikandra – to its second phase, based on white marble and pietra dura inlay, most elegantly realized in the Taj Mahal.
The mausoleum was commissioned by Nur Jahan, the wife of Jahangir, for her father Mirzā Ghiyās Beg, originally a Persian Amir in exile, who had been given the title of I'timād-ud-Daulah (pillar of the state). Mirzā Ghiyās Beg was also the grandfather of Mumtāz Mahāl, the wife of the emperor Shah Jahan, responsible for the construction of the Taj Mahal.
Baby Taj
„Babi Taj“, grobnica I'timad-ud-Daulaha, često se smatra pretecom Tadž Mahala.
Uz glavnu zgradu, strukturu čine brojne pomoćne zgrade i bašte. Grobnica, izgrađena između 1622. i 1628. godine, predstavlja prelaz između prve faze monumentalne mogulske arhitekture – prvenstveno građene od crvenog peščara sa mermernim ukrasima, kao u Humajunovoj grobnici u Delhiju i Akbarovoj grobnici u Sikandri – do njene druge faze, zasnovane na belom intarzijama od mermera i pietra dura, najelegantnije realizovana u Tadž Mahalu.
Mauzolej je naručila Nur Džahan, Jahangirova žena, za svog oca Mirzu Gijas Bega, prvobitno persijskog Amira u izgnanstvu, koji je dobio titulu I'timad-ud-Daulah. Mirza Gijas Beg je takođe bio deda Mumtaz Mahala, žene cara Šaha Džahana, odgovorne za izgradnju Tadž Mahala.
