Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh is the capital and most populous city of Cambodia.
Founded in 1372, It became the national capital in 1434 following the fall of Angkor, and remained so until 1497. It regained its capital status during the French colonial era in 1865.
Phnom Penh succeeded Angkor Thom as the capital of the Khmer nation but was abandoned several times before being reestablished in 1865 by King Norodom.
Pnom Pen
Pnom Pen je glavni i najnaseljeniji grad Kambodže.
Osnovan 1372. godine, postao je glavni grad 1434. godine nakon pada Angkora, i tako je ostao do 1497. godine. Povratio je svoj status glavnog grada tokom francuske kolonijalne ere 1865. godine.
Pnom Pen je nasledio Angkor Thom kao glavni grad kmerske nacije, ali je napušten nekoliko puta pre nego što ga je 1865. godine ponovo uspostavio kralj Norodom.
The Royal Palace
The Royal Palace of Cambodia is a complex of buildings which serves as the official royal residence of the King of Cambodia. The Cambodian monarchs have occupied it since it was built in the 1860s, with a period of absence when the country came into turmoil during and after the reign of the Khmer Rouge.
The palace was constructed by King Norodom between 1866 and 1870; this original palace was largely demolished and rebuilt between 1912 and 1932, largely in the traditional royal style influenced by the grand palace in Bangkok, Thailand. It is situated at the Western bank of the confluence of the Tonle Sap River and the Mekong River called Chaktomuk (an allusion to Brahma).
Kraljevska Palata
Kraljevska palata Kambodže je kompleks zgrada koje služe kao zvanična kraljevska rezidencija kralja Kambodže. Kambodžanski kraljevi je koriste od kada je izgrađena 1860-ih, sa izuzetkom kada je zemlja došla u period previranja tokom i nakon vladavine Crvenih Kmera.
Palatu je izgradio kralj Norodom između 1866. i 1870. Godine. Originalna palata je u velikoj meri srušena i obnovljena između 1912. i 1932. godine, uglavnom u tradicionalnom kraljevskom stilu pod uticajem velike palate u Bangkoku, Tajland. Nalazi se na zapadnoj obali ušća reke Tonle Sap i reke Mekong zvane Chaktomuk (aluzija na Brahmu).
Silver Pagoda
The Silver Pagoda is located on the south side of the Royal Palace in, Phnom Penh. The official name is Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram ("Temple of the Emerald-Crystal Buddha") which is commonly shortened to Wat Preah Keo.
The Pagoda houses many national treasures including many golds and jewelled Buddha statues. The most significant are a small green crystal Buddha (the "Emerald Buddha" of Cambodia, and a life-sized gold Maitreya Buddha commissioned by King Sisowath, weighing 90 kg and dressed in royal regalia and set with 9584 diamonds, the largest of which weighing 25 carats, created in the palace workshops during 1906 and 1907.
After the Cambodian Civil War the gold Maitreya Buddha lost most of its two-thousand diamonds. During King Norodom Sihanouk's pre-Khmer Rouge reign, the Silver Pagoda was inlaid with more than 5,329 silver tiles and some of its outer facades was remodelled with Italian marble. However, only a small area of these tiles are available to be viewed by the public on entering the pagoda.
The wall that surrounds the structures is covered with murals of the Reamker painted in 1903-1904 by Cambodian artists directed by the architect of the Silver Pagoda Oknha Tep Nimit Mak. The legend of Preah Ko Preah Keo is also represented by two statues.
It is a notable wat (Buddhist temple) in Phnom Penh; Its grounds being used for various national and royal ceremonies. The cremated remains of Norodom Sihanouk are interred in the stupa of Kantha Bopha located on the temple's compound.
Srebrna Pagoda
Srebrna pagoda se nalazi na južnoj strani Kraljevske palate u Pnom Penu. Zvanični naziv je Vat Ubaosoth Ratanaram ("Hram Smaragdno-kristalnog Bude") ili skraceno Vat Preah Keo.
U pagodi se nalaze mnoga nacionalna blaga, uključujući mnoge zlatom i draguljima ukrašene statue Bude. Najznačajniji su mali zeleni kristalni Buda ("Smaragdni Buda" iz Kambodže, i zlatni Maitreja Buda u prirodnoj veličini, radjen po narudžbi kralja Sisovata, težak 90 kg i obučen u kraljevske regalije i ukrašen sa 9584 dijamanata, od kojih je najveći težak 25 karata, radjen u radionicama palate tokom 1906. i 1907. godine.
Posle Kambodžanskog građanskog rata zlatni Maitreja Buda je izgubio većinu svojih dijamanata.
Tokom vladavine kralja Norodoma Sihanouka pre Crvenih Kmera, Srebrna pagoda je poplocana sa više od 5.329 srebrnih pločica, a neke od njenih spoljnih fasada su preuređene italijanskim mermerom. Međutim, samo mala površina ovih pločica je dostupna za gledanje pri ulasku u pagodu.
Zid koji okružuje strukture prekriven je muralima Reamekera naslikanim 1903-1904 od strane kambodžanskih umetnika po direktivi arhitekte Srebrne pagode Oknha Tep Nimit Mak. Legenda o Preah Ko Preah Keo je takođe predstavljena sa dve statue.
To je značajan vat (budistički hram) u Pnom Penu; Koristi se za razne nacionalne i kraljevske ceremonije.
Kremirani ostaci Norodoma Sihanouka sahranjeni su u stupi Kantha Bopha koja se nalazi na kompleksu hrama.
The Independence Monument
The Independence Monument in Phnom Penh, capital of Cambodia, was built in 1958 to memorialise Cambodia's independence from France in 1953. in the centre of the city. It is in the form of a lotus-shaped stupa, of the style seen at the temple at Banteay Srei and other Khmer historical sites. The Independence Monument was designed by the Cambodian architect Vann Molyvann, who was “personally selected and instructed” by Prince Norodom Sihanouk on how it should look like, combining “the religious and the secular.” It stands 37 metres tall.
During national celebrations, the Independence Monument is the centre of activity. A ceremonial flame on the interior pedestal is often lit by a royal or high official on these occasions
Behind the monument is the Norodom Sihanouk Memorial, constructed in 2013.
Spomenik Nezavisnosti
Spomenik nezavisnosti u Pnom Penu, glavnom gradu Kambodže, sagrađen je u centru grada, 1958. godine u znak sećanja na nezavisnost Kambodže od Francuske 1953. godine. U formi je stupe u obliku lotosa, u stilu koji se vidi u hramu u Banteai Srei i drugim kmerskim istorijskim lokalitetima.
Spomenik nezavisnosti dizajnirao je kambodžanski arhitekta Vann Molivann, koji je "lično izabran i upućen" od strane princa Norodoma Sihanouka o tome kako bi trebalo da izgleda, kombinujući "religiozno i sekularno". Visok je 37 metara.
Tokom nacionalnih proslava, Spomenik nezavisnosti je centar aktivnosti. Ceremonijalni plamen na unutrašnjem postolju često pali kraljevski ili visoki zvaničnik u ovim prilikama.
Iza spomenika je Norodom Sihanouk Memorial, izgrađen 2013. godine.
Killing Fields’ of Choeung Ek
The Killing Fields are sites in Cambodia where collectively more than 1.3 million people were killed and buried by the Communist Party of Kampuchea during Khmer Rouge rule from 1975 to 1979, immediately after the end of the Cambodian Civil War (1970–75). The mass killings were part of the broad, state-sponsored Cambodian genocide. The Cambodian journalist Dith Pran coined the term "killing fields" after his escape from the regime.
The Khmer Rouge regime arrested and eventually executed almost everyone suspected of connections with the former government or foreign governments, as well as professionals and intellectuals. Ethnic Vietnamese, ethnic Thai, ethnic Chinese, ethnic Cham, Cambodian Christians, and Buddhist monks were the demographic targets of persecution. As a result, Pol Pot has been described as "a genocidal tyrant". Sociologist Martin Shaw described the Cambodian genocide as "the purest genocide of the Cold War era". In 1979, Vietnam invaded Democratic Kampuchea and toppled the Khmer Rouge regime, ending the genocide.
After five years of researching 20,000 grave sites, analysis indicates at least 1,386,734 victims of execution. Estimates of total deaths resulting from Khmer Rouge policies, including from disease and starvation, range from 1.7 to 2.2 million, out of a 1975 population of roughly 8 million.
Polja ubijanja Choeung Ek
“Polja ubijanja” su mesta u Kambodži gde je kolektivno više od 1,3 miliona ljudi ubijeno i sahranjeno od strane Komunističke partije Kambodže tokom vladavine Crvenih Kmera od 1975. do 1979. godine, odmah nakon završetka građanskog rata u Kambodži (1970–75). Masovna ubistva bila su deo širokog, državno sponzorisanog genocida u Kambodži. Kambodžanski novinar Dith Pran uveo je termin "polja ubijanja" nakon bekstva od režima
Režim Crvenih Kmera uhapsio je i na kraju pogubio gotovo sve osumnjičene za veze sa bivšom vladom ili stranim vladama, kao i profesionalce i intelektualce. Etnički Vijetnamci, etnički Tajlanđani, etnički Kinezi, etnički Cham, kambodžanski hrišćani i budistički monasi bili su demografske mete progona. Kao rezultat toga, Pol Pot je opisan kao "genocidni tiranin". Sociolog Martin Šo opisao je genocid u Kambodži kao "najčistiji genocid u eri Hladnog rata". Godine 1979. Vijetnam je napao Demokratsku Kambodžu i srušio režim Crvenih Kmera, okončavši genocid.
Nakon pet godina istraživanja 20.000 grobnica, analiza ukazuje na najmanje 1.386.734 žrtava pogubljenja. Procene ukupnih smrtnih slučajeva koji su rezultat politike Crvenih Kmera, uključujući bolesti i glad, kreću se od 1,7 do 2,2 miliona, od populacije od oko 8 miliona iz 1975. godine.
Tuol Sleng Prison Museum
The Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum (lit. "Hill of the Poisonous Trees") is a museum chronicling the Cambodian genocide. Located in Phnom Penh, the site is a former secondary school which was used as Security Prison 21 by the Khmer Rouge regime from 1975 until its fall in 1979. From 1976 to 1979, an estimated 20,000 people were imprisoned at Tuol Sleng and it was one of between 150 and 196 torture and execution centers established by the Khmer Rouge and the secret police known as the Santebal (literally "keeper of peace").
On 26 July 2010, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia convicted the prison's chief, Kang Kek Iew, for crimes against humanity and grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. He died on 2 September 2020 while serving a life sentence.
Muzej genocida Tuol Sleng
Muzej genocida Tuol Sleng (lit. "Brdo otrovnih stabala") je muzej koji beleži genocid u Kambodži. Smešten je u Pnom Penu, u bivsoj srednjoj skoli koja je korišćena kao bezbednosni zatvor 21 od strane režima Crvenih Kmera od 1975. do pada 1979. godine. Od 1976. do 1979. godine, procenjuje se da je 20.000 ljudi bilo zatvoreno u Tuol Slengu i to je bio jedan od između 150 i 196 centara za mučenje i pogubljenje koje su osnovali Crveni Kmeri i tajna policija poznata kao Santebal (bukvalno "čuvar mira").
jula 2010. godine, sud Kambodže osudio je šefa zatvora, Kang Kek Iev, za zločine protiv čovečnosti i teška kršenja Ženevskih konvencija iz 1949. godine. Umro je 2. septembra 2020. godine dok je služio doživotnu kaznu.
